Extended Data Fig. 7: DMS dopamine does not correlate with syllable usage or entropy.

a) Average dopamine transient waveform for DMS and DLS. The average dopamine transient was computed for each DMS (n = 8) and DLS (n = 14) mouse, and then the per-mouse means were averaged to form the grand average. Shaded region indicates the 95% bootstrap confidence interval. As in Extended Data Fig. 1h, a transient is defined as when the dLight trace crosses 1 standard deviation above the mean. Note that DMS and DLS data are z-scored independently of each other. b) Summary statistics of DLS and DMS dopamine transients. Values were averaged per-mouse, thus leaving n = 8 for DMS and n = 14 for DLS. Box plots summarize per-mouse averages of each statistic. * Indicates p < .05, ** indicates p < .01, two-sided Mann-Whitney U test. Area under the curve, p = .052, U = 27, f=.24.; time to peak, p = .0001, U = 4, f = .036; Full-width at half-maximum p = .017, U = 16, f = .14; transient rate p = .017, U = 97, f = .87. c) As in Fig. 1f, average dorsomedial striatum (DMS) dLight fluorescence aligned to all syllable transitions (green) or movement initiations (orange) and z-scored to shuffle (n = 100 shuffles, see Methods; DLS shown for reference in blue). Shaded regions represent bootstrap SEM. d) Peak dLight values from per-mouse average waveforms aligned to either syllable transitions or movement initiations (n = 14 DLS mice, n = 8 DMS mice). *** Indicates p < .01, two-sided Mann-Whitney U test (movement initiations, p = 2.5e-5, U = 110, f = .98; syllables, p = 4.4e-5, U = 109, f = .97). e) Encoding model performance for dLight peak values (see Extended Data Fig. 6b, Methods) recorded in DLS (left) and in DMS (right) using different feature subsets. Each point is the average per-mouse heldout performance (n = 14 DLS mice, n = 8 DMS mice). ** Indicates p < .01, two-sided Mann-Whitney U test. Comparison of syllable feature subsets between DLS and DMS: entropy and syllable counts p = .002, U = 102, f = 0.91; velocity p = 0.87, U = 59, f = 0.53; all p = 0.25, U = 79, f = 0.71. f) Correlation for all kinematic parameters for DLS (n = 14 mice) and DMS (n = 8 mice) photometry mice. Here we computed the correlation between dLight and kinematic parameters and a variety of bin sizes as in Fig. 1e. The maximum correlation across all bin sizes per mouse is shown. *, p < .05 and **, p < .01, two-sided Mann-Whitney U test. Angular velocity comparison for dLight transient rate, p = 0.006, U = 9, f = 0.08; velocity comparison for dLight transient rate, p = .03, U = 15, f = 0.13; velocity comparison for dLight average, p = 0.026, U = 14, f = 0.125.