Extended Data Fig. 3: Dietary serine restriction and metabolic homeostasis.
From: Insulin-regulated serine and lipid metabolism drive peripheral neuropathy
(a) Plasma amino acid level in the fed state in mice fed with a low fat diet (LFD, n = 5), serine/glycine-free LFD (-SG LFD, n = 8), high-fat diet (HFD, n = 8), and serine/glycine free HFD (-SG HFD, n = 8) for 18 weeks. (b) Liver metabolite content in mice fed with a low fat diet (LFD, n = 10), serine/glycine-free LFD (-SG LFD, n = 10), high-fat diet (HFD, n = 10), and serine/glycine free HFD (-SG HFD, n = 10) for 18 weeks. (c) Body weight gain 18 weeks after dietary intervention (n = 13 per group). (d) Food intake in response to an 18-week dietary feeding in mice with a low fat diet (LFD, n = 10), serine/glycine-free LFD (-SG LFD, n = 12), high fat diet (HFD, n = 13), and serine/glycine-free HFD (-SG HFD, n = = 13). (e) Calorie intake in response to an 18-week dietary feeding in mice with a low fat diet (LFD, n = 10), serine/glycine-free LFD (-SG LFD, n = 12), high fat diet (HFD, n = 13), and serine/glycine-free HFD (-SG HFD, n = 13). (f) Calorie absorption in response to an 18-week dietary feeding in mice with a low fat diet (LFD, n = 10), serine/glycine-free LFD (-SG LFD, n = 12), high fat diet (HFD, n = 13), and serine/glycine-free HFD (-SG HFD, n = 13). (g) Water intake in response to an 18-week dietary feeding in mice with a low fat diet (LFD, n = 10), serine/glycine-free LFD (-SG LFD, n = 12), high fat diet (HFD, n = 13), and serine/glycine-free HFD (-SG HFD, n = 13). (h) Physical activity in response to an 18-week dietary feeding in mice with a low fat diet (LFD, n = 10), serine/glycine-free LFD (-SG LFD, n = 12), high fat diet (HFD, n = 13), and serine/glycine-free HFD (-SG HFD, n = 13). (i) Representative images and quantification of adipocyte size in response to an 18-week dietary feeding in mice with a low fat diet (LFD, n = 10), serine/glycine-free LFD (-SG LFD, n = = 12), high fat diet (HFD, n = 13), and serine/glycine-free HFD (-SG HFD, n = 13). (j) I.P. glucose tolerance test 18 weeks after feeding with a low fat diet (LFD) or high fat diet (HFD) replete or deficient in serine and glycine (n = 13 per group). (k) I.P. insulin tolerance test 18 weeks after feeding with a low fat diet (LFD) or high fat diet (HFD) replete or deficient in serine and glycine (n = 15 per group). (l) Respiratory exchange ratio time course 18 weeks after feeding mice with a low fat diet (LFD, n = 10), serine/glycine-free LFD (-SG LFD, n = 12), high fat diet (HFD, n = 13), and serine/glycine-free HFD (-SG HFD, n = = 13). Data are mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) and were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD post hoc test (a–k). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001 vs. LFD. # P < 0.05 vs. HFD group.
