Fig. 2: Spatiotemporal history of Lissamphibia and Gymnophionomorpha.

a, Biogeographic history of Gymnophionomorpha and Triassic batrachians; yellow indicates living caecilian distribution. b, Time-calibrated topology of lissamphibian relationships showing major divergences (topology derived from refs. ^6,23,38). Estimated molecular divergence dates for major divergences are shown as blue circles (Gymnophionomopha–Batrachia divergence without Gerobatrachus calibration; Supplementary Table 4), pink circles (Gymnophionomopha–Batrachia divergence with Gerobatrachus calibration; Supplementary Table 5), yellow circles (Salientia–Caudata divergence; Supplementary Table 6) and green circles (Rhinatrematidae–Stegokrotaphia divergence; Supplementary Table 7); coloured vertical bars show the average for each set of divergence estimates. Numbered white and orange circles correspond to occurrences in Supplementary Tables 2 and 3, respectively. Crosses indicate extinct taxa.