Extended Data Fig. 8: Each panel shows the residual spectrum of a particular gas.

This residual spectrum was obtained by removing one gas at a time from the best-fit model atmosphere and subtracting the recalculated model transmission spectrum without that gas from the data. This residual spectrum was then fitted with a Gaussian distribution (and a Voigt profile for Na) and a constant offset, in a Bayesian framework. The median fit (solid lines) along with the 1σ and 2σ confidence intervals are shown with shaded red and blue regions for the Gaussian fits and the constant offset fits, respectively. The Bayes factor between the two functional fits was used to determine the detection significance of each gas. Note that the wavelength range covered in each panel is different. The error bars are 1-σ standard deviations.