Extended Data Fig. 3: Stimulus-specific responses in Sst⁺ CeA neurons during the retrieval of appetitive and aversive memories.

a, Average licking rate of a representative mouse in response to CS_WA in the retrieval test. b, Average eye size change in a representative mouse in response to CS_SH in the retrieval test. c, Two example Sst⁺ CeA neurons exhibiting different responses to CS_WA and CS_SH in the retrieval test. d, Pie charts showing the percentage distributions of Sst⁺ CeA neurons according to their response profiles to the CS in the retrieval test for the appetitive (left) or fear memory (right). e, Percentage distributions of the neurons excited by CS_WA, CS_SH, or both stimuli (overlap) in the retrieval test (Fisher’s exact test on the overlap: P = 0.1821). f, Left, an example of SVM decoding using the principal components (PC) of Sst⁺ CeA population activities in response to CS_WA and CS_SH in the retrieval test. Right, performance of the decoding as shown in the left. Actual, decoding analysis using the actual responses of neurons to CS_WA and CS_SH; shuffle, decoding analysis using the responses of neurons that were shuffled across trial types (n = 4 mice, **P = 0.0037, paired t-test). g, Trial-by-trial licking events for a representative mouse in response to CS_WA during the retrieval test. h, Average licking rate in early trials was higher than late trials during retrieval of the appetitive memory (n = 4 mice, ***P = 0.0002, t-test). i, Top: trial-by-trial responses of two example neurons to CS_WA. Bottom, average responses of the respective neurons on the top, for the first 5 and last 5 trials during the retrial test. j & k, Quantification of the CS_WA responses for neurons showing higher (j) or lower response (k) to CS_WA in the first 5 trials than the last 5 trials in the retrieval test (n = 15 neurons, ****P = 6.10e-05, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test; n = 8 neurons, **P = 0.003, paired t-test). l, Trial-by-trial blinking behavior for a representative mouse in response to CS_SH during the retrieval test. m, Average eye size change in early trials was higher than late trials during retrieval of the fear memory (n = 4 mice, *P = 0.0219, t-test). n, Top: trial-by-trial responses of two example neurons to CS_SH. Bottom, average responses of the respective neurons on the top, for the first 5 and last 5 trials during the retrial test. o & p, Quantification of the CS_SH responses for neurons showing higher (o) or lower response (p) to CS_SH in the first 5 trials than the last 5 trials in the retrieval test (n = 5 neurons, n.s., nonsignificant, P = 0.0823; n = 14 neurons, **P = 0.008, paired t-test). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Shaded areas represent s.e.m.