Extended Data Fig. 5: Leaf habit information of the sampled species per plot (top panels), hydraulic trait variation across leaf habit groups (middle panels) and relationship between basal area-weighted mean hydraulic traits and maximum cumulative water deficit when excluding deciduous and semideciduous species.

A) and D) xylem water potential at which 50% of the conductance is lost (\(\varPsi \)₅₀); B) and E) Hydraulic safety margins related to \(\varPsi \)₅₀ (HSM₅₀ = \(\varPsi \)_dry – \(\varPsi \)₅₀ and C) and F) Minimum in situ leaf water potential observed in the dry season (\(\varPsi \) dry). Dashed lines denote the mean value of each trait across all tree taxa in the dataset. Red line, the hydraulic safety margins equal to zero. Boxplots display the 25^th percentile, median and 75^th percentile. The vertical bars show the interquartile range times 1.5 and datapoints beyond these bars are outliers. Sites are sorted by increasing water availability. Each point represents one species per site (N = 170 species) in the top panels and species mean (\(\varPsi \)_50, HSM₅₀) and species minimum \(\varPsi \)_dry per leaf habit in the bottom panels (N = 136 species). Deciduous, semideciduous and evergreen species are represented by red, blue and green points, respectively. Grey points or NA represent species for which leaf habit information was not available. Significant differences at p < 0.05 are represented by different letters above each boxplot (Kruskal–Wallis followed by post hoc Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon Rank Sum test). G) \(\psi \)₅₀ (xylem water potential on which 50% of the conductance is lost; H) Hydraulic safety margin (HSM₅₀ = \(\varPsi \)_dry – \(\varPsi \)₅₀); I) In situ leaf water potential observed in the dry season (\(\varPsi \) dry); n = 10 sites. Significant linear relations are shown by regression lines. The shaded area represents the 95% confidence interval of the regression slope. Further leaf habit information of sampled species is provided in Supplementary Table 10.