Table 1 Capacity, land acquisition and annual costs of new PV and wind power plants built during 2021–2060 under a discounting rate of 5%
From: Accelerating the energy transition towards photovoltaic and wind in China
Annual power generation by PV and wind power plants (PWh year−1) | Total area (Mha) | Length of new UHV lines (million km) | Capacity of energy storage (TW) | Number of new PV and wind power plants | Number of new PV and wind power plants with capacity >10 GW | Average power capacity (GW) | Average capacity factor (%) | Annual cost of electricity transmission (billion $ year−1) | Annual cost of energy storage (billion $ year−1) | Annual initial investment cost (billion $ year−1) | Annual O&M cost (billion $ year−1) | Average abatement costs ($ per tCO2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1–5 | 29.05 | 0.46 | 0 | 153 | 48 | 14.33 | 20.59 | 10.49 | 0 | 47.68 | 10.50 | −3.70 |
5–10 | 47.93 | 0.46 | 0.42 | 619 | 77 | 4.60 | 19.97 | 8.58 | 6.43 | 62.86 | 16.95 | 0.61 |
10–15 | 43.02 | 0.21 | 0.88 | 3,023 | 55 | 1.10 | 17.00 | 3.83 | 12.74 | 82.97 | 16.07 | 15.69 |
Total | 132.05 | 1.14 | 1.34 | 3,844 | 183 | 2.26 | 18.84 | 23.35 | 19.87 | 201.21 | 46.58 | 5.73 |
