Extended Data Fig. 6: Realization of the Pauli engine.
Energies (a) EB, (b) EC, (c) ED, and (d) EA (first point of the cycle) and \({E}_{{{\rm{A}}}_{{\rm{2}}}}\) (last point of the cycle) at each point of the cycle as a function of the compression ratio \({\bar{\omega }}_{{\rm{B}}}/\,{\bar{\omega }}_{{\rm{A}}}\) for constant number of atoms Ni ≈ 2.5 × 105. Experimental data (cyan points) are the mean value of 20 repetitions and the corresponding error bars indicate the propagation of uncertainty of standard deviation of the measurement parameters. The experimental data fits well to numerical calculations (cyan solid line), except for point A2 in (d) because of atom losses. The insets show schematics of the engine with the individually points of the engine highlighted in purple. In (d) the experimental value of the energy EA is shown in grey for comparison to A2. The trap frequency \({\bar{\omega }}_{{\rm{B}}}\) has no influence in the first measurement at point A, and \({\bar{\omega }}_{{\rm{A}}}\) is constant for the different compression ratios. Therefore, EA is only measured once with 20 repetitions.
