Extended Data Table 3 Impact simulation results

From: A super-massive Neptune-sized planet

  1. Parameters and results for selected impact simulations. I:R represents the mass ratio of ice versus rock in a pre-impact planet: I:R = 3:1 refers to water-rich planets, I:R = 1:1 refers to equal water and rock planets and I:R = 1:3 refers to rock-rich planets. The targets and impactors in each simulation have the same I:R ratio. Vesc is the mutual escape velocity in the corresponding impact simulation. Mlr is the mass of the largest post-collision remnant. f shows the mass ratio of each material in the largest post-collision remnant. \({X}_{{\rm{loss}}}^{{\rm{atmos}}}\) shows the total mass fraction of the atmosphere that is lost. b is the impact parameter, which is related to the impact angle (b = 0.0 stands for a head-on impact, b = 0.4 and 0.7 stand for oblique impacts with impact angles of around 23.6° and 45°, respectively).
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