Extended Data Table 2 Assessing the robustness of declined disruption with increased collaboration distance in technology

From: Remote collaboration fuses fewer breakthrough ideas

  1. From our dataset of patenting teams, we selected 1,253,090 inventors who filed two or more patents. These inventors have filed 2,903,964 patents between 1976 and 2020, yielding 9,031,126 patent-author records. We use this dataset to build stepwise regression models in the same way as for scientific teams. We note that the remote work penalty—the negative relationship between remote collaboration and disruption—is robust across all specifications. When teams move from 0 km to more than 600 km collaboration distance, for example, the predicted disruption probability, holding other variables constant, declines from 58.2% to 56.5% (p-value < 0.001), or 2.9% in relative terms.
  2. Note: All statistical tests are two-sided t-test and no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. For Model 5-7, standard errors (in parentheses) are clustered at the inventor level. * p < 0.05; ** p-value < 0.01; *** p-value < 0.001. We used the REGHDFE package in STATA1646 to implement the fixed-effects regressions.
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