Extended Data Fig. 8: Historical associations among climate, snowpack, and snow-driven runoff portend accelerating changes to snow hydrology.
From: Evidence of human influence on Northern Hemisphere snow loss
Column 1: Historical change in November-March average temperature (a), total precipitation (c), March average SWE (e), and snowpack-driven April-July runoff (g) over the period 1981–2020. Values represent averages across all data products and hatching indicated basins where fewer than 80% of products agree on the sign of the change. Column 2: 2070–2099 changes under the SSP2-4.5 forcing scenario relative 1981–2020. Temperature (b) and precipitation (d) are calculated as the difference within each model realization between the end-of-century and climatological periods and future SWE (f) and runoff (h) changes are calculated according to Equations 1 and 2, respectively. Maps were generated using cartopy v0.18.0. River basin boundaries come from the Global Runoff Data Centre’s Major River Basins of the World database44.
