Fig. 3: ACC development over the past 1,500 kyr.
From: Five million years of Antarctic Circumpolar Current strength variability
a, Benthic foraminifera oxygen isotope stack10. b, Atmospheric CO2 record (composite Antarctic ice cores)53. c, Relative ACC strength variations at core PS97/93, entrance of the Drake Passage8. d, Relative ACC strength variations at Site U1540, Site U1541 and core PS75/76. Dashed lines indicate different long-term interglacial ACC strength levels, with numbers marking MIS with outstanding interglacial ACC strength maxima. Black arrow indicates strengthening of the ACC during the early MPT. e, Absolute ACC strength variations at Site U1540, Site U1541 and core PS75/76. f, Opal-content changes at Site U1540, Site U1541 and core PS75/76.
