Fig. 2: The largest set of interconnected pedigrees reconstructed in RK and the cemetery map highlighting the burial location of related individuals.
From: Network of large pedigrees reveals social practices of Avar communities
a, A large (146 individuals) interconnected set of sub-pedigrees, numbered 1 to 5, and four smaller pedigrees (34 individuals) numbered 6, 7, 8 and 12. Levirate unions are shown with pink lines connecting the individuals involved. The male individuals’ Y haplogroups are shown with coloured borders around the individuals. Black symbols refer to individuals whose ancient DNA we have and white ones indicate missing individuals inferred on the basis of the available data. The horizontal axis to the left shows a timeline spanning the whole Avar period, covering the nine or more generations of the pedigrees. b, Cemetery map of RK 8, with graves colour coded according to the pedigree shown in a. The middle Avar period archaeological transition is exemplified by the different abundance of graves with a horse harness and graves with post holes (each image corresponds to a finding in a grave; silhouette of a horse is from Pixabay). This transition strikingly corresponds to the community shift and spatial organization of the cemetery. The left part is where mostly early-to-middle Avar period individuals and J1a male individuals are found (pink halo), and the right part is where mostly middle-to-late Avar period individuals and J2b male individuals are found (yellow halo).
