Extended Data Fig. 10: Chimeroids display similar cell type complexity as single-donor organoids and fetal tissue.

Rank-Rank Hypergeometric Overlap (RR-HO) plots comparing the expression signatures of cell types in multi-donor Chimeroids to all cell types in single-donor Chimeroids, cortical organoids from our reference map of Velasco-protocol organoid development, or endogenous human fetal tissue²⁰. The horizontal axes represent lists of marker genes for multi-donor NSC-Chimeroid cell types compared to all other Chimeroid cells, ranked from most upregulated to most downregulated; the vertical axes represent similarly-ranked lists of marker genes for single-donor NSC-Chimeroids, reference map organoids, or human fetal cells. Colour at a given position represents the significance (negative log p-value) of the overlap of the gene lists up to that point, as calculated by Fisher’s exact tests. High significance (i.e., red colour) in the lower left and upper right quadrants indicates strong concordance between the expression profiles which define the compared cell types. a, b, c, d and e represent different cell types analysed. f, Explanatory schematic for the RR-HO plots. Some icons were created using BioRender.