Fig. 4: Performance and stability of perovskite photovoltaics.
From: Water- and heat-activated dynamic passivation for perovskite photovoltaics
a, Best J–V curves with SPO of p–i–n devices. b, Best J–V curves of 1-cm2 p–i–n devices (the same device structure as in a). The inset shows the photograph of 1-cm2 device. c, The MPPT tests of encapsulated p–i–n devices (the same device structure as in a) aged at 85 °C and 30% relative humidity in air under 1 sun. The initial PCEs of the control and HUBLA devices were 20.9% and 23.0%, respectively. d, The MPPT tests of unencapsulated p–i–n devices aged at 85 °C in N2 under 1 sun. The initial PCEs of the control and HUBLA devices were 20.8% and 23.3%, respectively. The horizontal dashed line represents 80% of initial PCE value.
