Extended Data Fig. 2: Anatomical analysis of place cells.

a, Fraction of cells within each brain region that are classified as PCs, shown for five differently shaped behavioral chambers with or without landmarks: rectangle (Fig. 1a), asymmetric shape (Fig. 5a), square (Fig. 4e), octagon (Fig. 4i), and circle (Fig. 6a). b, Projections of telencephalic subdivisions: pallium and subpallium. Masks imported from the Z-Brain-Atlas. c, Number of PCs in each brain region. Each animal is shown individually (orange dots, n = 7 animals) along with the median across animals (black line). Tel., telencephalon; Mes., mesencephalon; Di., diencephalon; Rhomb., rhombencephalon. d, Anatomical distribution of cells that would be classified as PCs at different spatial specificity thresholds, based on a population specificity z-score ≥ 1 (left), ≥ 3 (middle), and ≥ 5 (right). Summation of 7 animals overlaid on a reference brain. The black bar indicates 50 μm. e, Anatomical distribution of cells that would be classified as PCs at different spatial information (SI) thresholds, based on a population SI z-score ≥ 1 (left), ≥ 3 (middle), and ≥ 5 (right). f, Comparison of SI for PCs found in the telencephalon and PCs found in the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon (left, n = 7 animals, p = 1.1 × 10⁻⁹⁸, one-sided Mann–Whitney U test), as well as all PCs found in the whole brain (right, n = 7 animals). Since SI was calculated from calcium activity without attempting to convert to spikes/s, the SI values reported here are proportional to classic SI, measured in bits/s, but with an unspecified constant of proportionality. g, Anatomical distribution of PCs (left) colored by their PF locations (right). h, The relationship between anatomical distance and PF correlation. The solid line indicates the mean. The shaded region indicates the standard error of the mean. To avoid any potential caveat of imperfect cell merging along the dorsal-ventral axis, only cell pairs from the same horizontal plane are plotted. To avoid overestimating correlation due to shared measurement noise, adjacent cell pairs with NMF spatial footprints having any shared pixels are excluded (1.19% ± 0.54% of all cell pairs).