Fig. 5: Anti-fibrin antibody provides protection against SARS-CoV-2.
From: Fibrin drives thromboinflammation and neuropathology in COVID-19
a, Beta infection of 5B8-treated WT mice. b,c, Lung pathology in WT mice prophylactically treated with 5B8 or IgG2b (n = 5 (Trichrome, N protein); n = 10 (Mac2, gp91phox, spike, granzyme)) at 3 d.p.i. (b) or therapeutically treated with 5B8 (n = 11) or IgG2b (n = 12) (Mac2 and gp91phox) at 7 d.p.i. (c). d, Beta infection of WT, Fga−/− and Fggγ390–396A mice or 5B8-treated WT mice at 7 d.p.i. e, Fibrinogen and IBA1 in the cortex, representative of four Beta-infected WT mice. f, IBA1 in the hippocampus. UI: n = 6 mice; Beta infected, prophylactic: n = 10 (prophylactic 5B8 or IgG2b) mice per group; Beta infected, therapeutic: n = 12 (IgG2b) and n = 11 (5B8) mice. g, IBA1 and CD68 in the hippocampus. Uninfected: n = 6 WT mice; Beta infected, n = 6 (WT), n = 6 (Fga−/−) or n = 5 (Fggγ390–396A) mice. h, Delta infection of 5B8-treated K18-hACE2 mice. i, Fibrinogen and IBA1 in various brain regions of uninfected and Delta-infected mice at 3 d.p.i. Uninfected: n = 4 (hippocampus (Hippo)) and n = 5 (corpus callosum (Cc), striatum (Str) and frontal cortex (FCtx)) mice; Delta infected: n = 4 (frontal cortex) and n = 5 (hippocampus, corpus callosum, striatum) mice. j,k, IBA1, CD68, calbindin and NeuN in the cortex (j) and hippocampus (k). Uninfected: n = 5 mice; Delta infected, prophylactic, 3 d.p.i.: n = 5 (IgG2b) or n = 4 (5B8) mice; Delta infected, therapeutic, 9 d.p.i.: n = 6 mice per group. l, Mouse survival and weight. n = 12 mice per group (therapeutic, 5B8 or IgG2b, Delta infected). Statistical analysis was performed using log-rank tests (survival) and a mixed-effects model (weight). m, Significantly altered genes in the hippocampus of Delta-infected mice given 5B8 or IgG2b. n = 6 mice per group. Statistical analysis was performed using two-sided unpaired t-tests (unadjusted P < 0.05; Methods). For a–f and h–m, 5B8 or IgG2b was given intraperitoneally at a dose of 30 mg per kg body weight, prophylactically (at 0 d.p.i.) or therapeutically (at 1 d.p.i.). Statistical analysis was performed using two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-tests (b (all except for granzyme) and c), two-tailed Welch t-tests with Holm multiple-comparison correction (b (granzyme) and i) and one-way ANOVA Tukey’s multiple-comparison test (f, g, j and k). Data are mean ± s.e.m. Scale bars, 100 μm (b, c, e, j and i) or 50 μm (f, g and k). The diagrams in a, d and h were created using BioRender.
