Fig. 4: Ramping dopamine release reflects courtship progress.
a, TH-C1-GAL4 driving UAS-mCD8-GFP (green) in the adult brain (top). Anti-nC82 is in magenta. Scale bar, 50 μm. The TH-C1-GAL4 expression pattern (blue) is also shown (bottom). See Supplementary Information Fig. 4a for the nomenclature of clusters. b, TH-C1 > CsChrimson males continue courtship upon artificial activation despite the threat (n = 19, 17 and 20 (no threat); n = 16, 16 and 21 (threat)). c, ∆F/F0 (%) of the TH-C1PPM1/2 > GCaMP7b signal of males exposed to females (top left); comparing mean ∆F/F0 (%) during the first minute (0–20 s) and at 4 min (220–240 s) (n = 10; top right); and a representative fluorescence heatmap of PPM1/2 neurons over time (bottom left). Scale bar, 2 µm. A correlation of calcium activity and the number of abdominal bendings is also shown (bottom right). d, ∆F/F0 (%) of the TH-C1PPM1/2 > GCaMP6s signal increases after long (top left) but not short (middle left) optogenetic stimulation of OvAbg > CsChrimson, and not when the abdomen is fixed (bottom left). The mean ∆F/F0 (%) during pre-stimulation and post-stimulation (n = 8) is also shown (right). See Extended Data Fig. 6m for details on the protocols. e, ∆F/F0 (%) of the TH-C1PPM1/2 > GCaMP7b signal of males with the abdomen fixed paired with a female (left), and comparing the mean ∆F/F0 (%) during the first minute and at 4 min (n = 6; right). f, ∆F/F0 (%) of the LC16 > GCaMP7b signal pre-threat and post-threat exposure of the male alone (top left panel) and with a female (second to fourth left panels) exposed to either an early threat (second middle left panel), a late threat (third left panel) or a late threat with a fixed abdomen (bottom left panel). The mean ΔF/F0 (%) comparing the pre-threat and post-threat time windows (n = 6 and 7) is also shown (right). Refer to the legend of Fig. 1 for details on graphics and statistics.
