Extended Data Fig. 6: CHIEF predicted MSI status in several colorectal cancer patient cohorts.
From: A pathology foundation model for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction
a. Solid tumor regions of MSI-high samples received high attention scores, while adjacent benign mucosal epithelium regions received low attention scores. In MSI-low samples, most regions received low attention scores. Example images from the PAIP2020 dataset were shown in this visualization. The bottom portion of this figure panel showed image tiles receiving high and low attention scores. Malignant regions were highly attended in both MSI-low and MSI-high samples. Solid tumors, intraluminal and extraluminal mucin, and signet ring cells received high attention in MSI-high samples. In MSI-low samples, infiltrative malignant glands interfacing with fibroblasts, luminal necrosis, and lymphocytic infiltrates received relatively high attention. Adjacent benign colonic epithelium receives low attention in both MSI-high and MSI-low patients. b. CHIEF paid high levels of attention to 30% of regions in MSI-high samples, while more regions in MSI-low samples received low attention scores. Attention score distributions of the three patient cohorts (n = 437 in TCGA-COADREAD, n = 77 in PAIP2020, and n = 221 in CPTAC-COAD) are shown. In these violin plots, the central white dots represent the median, the thick black bars indicate the interquartile range (IQR), and the thin black lines (whisker) extend to 1.5 times the IQR from the first and third quartiles. The width of the violin represents the density of data at different values.
