Extended Data Fig. 9: Utilization of gluconate by Kp-2H7 and F18-mix.
From: Commensal consortia decolonize Enterobacteriaceae via ecological control
a, Gluconate and glucosamine levels in the faeces of GF B6 mice (n = 4 per group) fed either a standard (CL-2) or a defined (AIN93G, gluconate- and glucosamine-free) diet were measured by LC-MS/MS. High levels of gluconate were detected in faeces from GF mice on the CL-2 diet. Substantial levels of faecal gluconate were also found in mice fed the gluconate-deficient AIN93G diet, implying that sources of gut luminal gluconate include both dietary intake and host production. In contrast, faecal glucosamine levels were very low in mice fed the CL-2 diet and became almost undetectable in those on the AIN93G diet, suggesting that glucosamine is primarily derived from dietary sources. Data are presented as median ± IQR, representative of two independent experiments, and were analysed using the two-sided Mann-Whitney U test. b, Faecal carbohydrate levels in GF mice colonized with Kp-2H7 or the indicated bacterial mix (F18-mix, F13-mix, K46-mix, or I41-mix) fed a CL-2 diet were measured using LC-MS/MS (n = 4 per group), and the results are presented as median ± IQR. The data are representative of two independent experiments. c, GF mice on a CL-2 diet were monocolonized with Kp-2H7, and then switched to a defined, gluconate-free AIN93G diet on day 21. Kp-2H7 faecal CFUs are shown as median ± IQR. d, e, GF mice were monocolonized with Kp-2H7 and subsequently inoculated with individual members of F18-mix at 5-day intervals over a total period of 95 days. Faecal CFUs of Kp-2H7 (d) and gluconate levels (e) were measured throughout the study. Data are expressed as median ± IQR. f, Klebsiella CFUs and gluconate levels in the upper and lower intestinal lumen of GF mice colonized with Kp-2H7 or Kp-2H7+F18-mix (n = 4 per group). SI, small intestine. Data are shown as median ± IQR.
