Fig. 5: Monolithic HEMT-LED switching measurements.
From: Using both faces of polar semiconductor wafers for functional devices

a, Energy-band diagrams of the HEMT and LED indicating the off and on states. b, Circuit schematic of the monolithic HEMT-LED, taking into account the back-gating effect of the conductive GaN substrate. c,d, Monolithic switching measurements, modulating between on and off (c) and between bright and dim modes (d). The gate-source modulation voltage is shown in red, the photodiode voltage while modulating the LED in solid blue and the background (LED off state) photodiode voltage in dashed blue. a.u., arbitrary units.