Fig. 1: Influence of summer (July–August) EU JSL on European climate (1948–2018 ce).
From: Jet stream controls on European climate and agriculture since 1300 ce
a–h, Composite maps for years (Extended Data Table 1) with extremely positive (D80, north, n = 15 years) and negative (D20, south, n = 15 years) summer EU JSL values show associated anomalies in NCEP/NCAR July–August 500 hPa geopotential height (Z500) (a,b), CRU ts4.05 July–August temperature (c,d), July–August precipitation (e,f) and July–August scPDSI (g,h). In a–h, coloured composite maps are shown only where P ≤ 0.1, and areas with statistically significant values after controlling for the false discovery rate (αFDR ≤ 0.1) are cross-hatched. In a and b, the mean July–August jet position for 1948–2018 ce (pink line) and for the 15 extreme positive years (northward EU JSL position, a) and extreme negative years (southward EU JSL position, b) (black line) are shown. Locations of the tree-ring chronologies used in the EU JSL reconstruction are indicated by the symbols at the centre of the site network of each chronology. Composite maps were created in R. gpm, geopotential metre.
