Extended Data Fig. 3: Influence of summer EU JSL extremes on crop yield during the instrumental period (1961–2018 ce). | Nature

Extended Data Fig. 3: Influence of summer EU JSL extremes on crop yield during the instrumental period (1961–2018 ce).

From: Jet stream controls on European climate and agriculture since 1300 ce

Extended Data Fig. 3

Boxplots show the distribution of maize, wheat and barley yield during northern (red) versus southern (blue) summer EU JSL extremes in NEMED and BRIT. We determined EU JSL extremes by calculating the D80 (north, n = 12 years) and D20 (south, n = 12 years) over the period 1961–2018 ce. The lower and upper extremes are indicated by whiskers and dots on each boxplot represent outliers. Significant differences, calculated using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test, are represented by p < 0.1 and two (p ≤ 0.01) asterisks. The “ns” indicates the result is not significant. Crop yield data are derived from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and were detrended using a 20-year smoothing spline (see Methods).

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