Extended Data Fig. 12: TAI profile across life cycle stages of Laminaria digitata and Saccorhiza polyschides.

A, Outline of phylogenetic position and life cycle in L. digitata and S. polyschides. Note that earlier embryogenesis stages could not be sampled due to potential contamination from maternal gametophytic tissue. Stages not included are in grey-scale. B, TAI profile across gametophyte development in L. digitata. C, TAI profile across gametophyte development in S. polyschides. In both B and C, the unicellular meiospore-enriched sori were used as a proxy for meiospores. D, TAI profile across sporophyte development in L. digitata. The mature SP stage is represented by vegetative tissues. E, Transcriptome distance between an early sporophyte stage in L. digitata and the embryo stages of Fucus, using the Manhattan distance of normalized log-transformed orthogroup abundance. ‘GA’ denotes gametophyte (n) and ‘SP’ denotes sporophytes (2n). ‘imm’ and ‘mat’ denote sexually immature and mature stages, respectively. 50,000 bootstraps were used to compute the s.d.