Fig. 3: Constraining the shape of 238U.
From: Imaging shapes of atomic nuclei in high-energy nuclear collisions
a–c, Ratios of \(\langle {v}_{2}^{2}\rangle \) (a), \(\langle {(\delta {p}_{{\rm{T}}})}^{2}\rangle \) (b) and \(\langle {v}_{2}^{2}\delta {p}_{{\rm{T}}}\rangle \) (c) between U + U and Au + Au collisions as a function of centrality. The data are compared with the IP-Glasma + MUSIC hydrodynamic model calculation assuming β2U = 0.28 (red) and β2U = 0.25 (blue), the shaded bands of which denote the model uncertainties (Methods). d–f, Ratio values in 0–5% most central collisions (hatch bands) for \(\langle {v}_{2}^{2}\rangle \) (d), \(\langle {(\delta {p}_{{\rm{T}}})}^{2}\rangle \) (e) and \(\langle {v}_{2}^{2}\delta {p}_{{\rm{T}}}\rangle \) (f) are compared with model calculations as a function of \({\beta }_{2{\rm{U}}}^{2}\) or \({\beta }_{2{\rm{U}}}^{3}\) for four γU values. The coloured quadrilaterals delineate the allowed ranges of \({\beta }_{2{\rm{U}}}^{2}\) or \({\beta }_{2{\rm{U}}}^{3}\) from this data-model comparison. g, The constrained ranges of (β2U,γU) from three observables separately, and the confidence contours obtained by combining \(\langle {(\delta {p}_{{\rm{T}}})}^{2}\rangle \) and \(\langle {v}_{2}^{2}\delta {p}_{{\rm{T}}}\rangle \) (solid lines). The constraint from \({R}_{{v}_{2}^{2}}\) is viewed as a lower limit and hence is not used (see main text).
