Fig. 1: Persistent, trial-averaged neuronal responses during spatial working memory.

a, Delayed MTS and MGS tasks. On each trial, the animal was presented with a cue at one of eight possible locations (inset). Following a memory delay period, the animal received fluid reward for making an eye movement to the previously cued location. b, Proportion correct for MTS and MGS tasks. Circles denote individual sessions, lines represent mean across n = 25 sessions. c, Trial-averaged peristimulus time histograms for three example prefrontal neurons showing canonical persistent activity during the memory delay period. Colours denote different cue locations. Insets show cue-location (θ) tuning functions for each neuron during the memory delay, with scale bar (spikes per second) and gaussian fit (black trace).