Extended Data Fig. 2: CD8⁺ T cells exhibit significant exhaustion in mCRPC, coinciding with a notable increase in the abundance of SPP1^hi-TAMs.

(a-b) UMAP plots showing (a) distinct T-cell subsets and (b) the relative expression levels of CD4 and CD8 transcripts across T cells in human prostate cancer. (c-d) Bubble plots depicting the relative expression levels of signature genes for (c) the indicated T-cell subsets and (d) exhaustion states in CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells across different disease stages, as indicated. (e-f) Quantification of enrichment scores for (e) CD8⁺ T-cell exhaustion and (f) SPP1^hi-TAMs across different disease stages, indicated by localized disease (n = 13), HSPC (n = 24), and mCRPC (n = 6) in gray, blue, and red, respectively. Boxes denote inter-quartile range (IQR), while bars denote 25% - 1.5 x IQR and 75% + 1.5 x IQR, with outliers exceeding 1.5 x the IQR beyond lower and upper quartiles. In (e), P = 0.96, 0.03, and 0.049 for localized vs. HSPC, localized vs. mCRPC, and HSPC vs. mCRPC, respectively. In (f), P = 0.51, 0.16, and 0.01 for localized vs. HSPC, localized vs. mCRPC, and HSPC vs. mCRPC, respectively. (g) UMAP plots showing the relative expression levels of CSF1R and MRC1 transcripts across myeloid cells in human prostate cancer. Statistical significance was determined by (e, f) ordinary one-way ANOVA with the Sidak correction; P-values: *<0.05. ns, not significant.