Fig. 1: An aqueous-based solution for perovskite recycling. | Nature

Fig. 1: An aqueous-based solution for perovskite recycling.

From: Aqueous-based recycling of perovskite photovoltaics

Fig. 1

a, Scheme of recycling process with a water-based solution. Three main additives (NaOAc, NaI and H3PO2) are added to address perovskite solubility, phase purity and solution stability issues in water solution. b, 1H-NMR of NaOAc with and without PbI2. The chemical shift suggests a strong interaction between acetate and lead ions to facilitate the PbI2 dissolution in water. c, Absorption curves of water-based solution (NaOAc: 500 mg ml−1, FAPbI3: 1 μmol) with various NaI concentrations. The inset shows solution with 35 mg ml−1 NaI fitted with [PbI2]0 and [PbI3] peaks. d, DFT calculation of acetate ions coordination behaviour for facilitating lead iodide dissolution and phase change with the addition of iodide ions in water solution for perovskite recycling. Structures i, ii and iii denote PbI2L4, Pb2I4L6 and [Pb2I5L6], respectively, in which L is the acetate ions. a.u., arbitrary units.

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