Fig. 1: The WBK pedigree.

a, The best-fitting pedigree (for uncertainties, see Supplementary Note 4). Sampled individuals are outlined in black with WBK ID number and are coloured by mtDNA haplotype. The founding U5b1 + 16189 + @16192 female is shown at the top, with her four descendants with de novo mutations underneath. Further descendants are connected with dashed lines. Matings between descendants of the founding female are shown in bold, labelled i–v. Deduced relationships not fitted on the pedigree are shown with light-grey lines, with the estimated degree of relatedness. b, Weighted relatedness of each genome plotted versus the point carbon-14 date estimate (average 95% confidence range: 202 years). For each, the sum of their total number of biological kinship links (seventh degree or less) is shown, inversely weighted by the degree of the relationship. Individuals are coloured by mtDNA haplotype; grey indicates singleton haplogroups. The Durotrigian period (solid line) and the range of dates of family members (dashed line) are indicated. The summed relatedness is also shown in box plots (Tukey) by sex for individuals in the latter range; a significant difference between males (M) and females (F) is observed (Welch’s t-test, two-tailed, P = 0.029). The frequency of the dominant mtDNA lineage for each group is the proportion of each boxplot body in colour, which was also significantly different (two-tailed Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.02). c, A flexed inhumation excavated at WBK, typical of the Durotrigian cultural zone (photo credit: Bournemouth University). d, mtDNA and Y chromosome haplogroup frequencies for individuals with at least one genetic relative and sufficient Y chromosome coverage (Supplementary Table 9).