Extended Data Fig. 7: Histograms of fitness effects of mutations to each amino acid individually.

a) A histogram of fitness effects of all mutations to the specified amino acid (i.e. the plot for proline is the histogram of the fitness effects of mutations to proline at each position where there isn’t a proline naturally). Plots are coloured by the biophysical properties of the amino acids. b) A heatmap of all fitness values. Fitness is the normalized enrichment value for selections carried out at 5% CO₂ with 20 μM IPTG. c) A heatmap of all \({\widetilde{V}}_{\max }\) values. d) A heatmap of log\(({\widetilde{K}}_{C})\) values. \({\widetilde{K}}_{C}\) has units of μM CO₂.