Fig. 4: POMC and AgRP neurons across species.

a, Global comparison of neuronal conservation between human and mouse. The dendrogram corresponds to Fig. 2 but without labels and extended by neuronal clusters on level C4. The inner heatmap depicts the type of cluster cross-species relationship. The outer heatmap is coloured by the correlation of the matched mouse clusters of each human cluster on level C4. Multiple heatmap tiles indicate multiple corresponding mouse clusters (highest first). b, UMAP plot highlighting three clusters with the highest percentage of POMC⁺ (blue) or AGRP⁺ (pink) nuclei. c, Spatial mapping of POMC clusters. Cell abundance scores for C4-373 (blue), C4-374 (orange) and C4-375 (yellow) in a section of the human hypothalamus. All three clusters map to the ARC. d, Left, dendrogram of human POMC neurons; right, dendrogram of corresponding clusters from mouse HypoMap. Edges are labelled with marker genes used to annotate clusters. The lines connect corresponding cluster between species, highlighting 1:1 and 1:N relationships; line colour depicts Pearson correlation. e–h, Heatmaps showing receptor gene expression average (log-normalized scale) in human POMC and AgRP clusters and their corresponding mouse clusters. Up to ten receptor genes (based on marker gene detection) were included per species. The first row of both facets depicts the average expression in all neurons of the species for comparison: C4-373, Mid-2 GABA-GLU-3 POMC PRDM12 (e); C4-374, Mid-2 GABA-GLU-3 POMC CALCR (f); C4-375, Mid-2 GABA-GLU-3 POMC ANKRD30A (g); C4-355, Mid-2 GABA-GLU-1 RGS22 AGRP (h).