Fig. 4: Functionally distinct neurons receive characteristic long-range inputs.
From: Brain-wide presynaptic networks of functionally distinct cortical neurons
a, Fraction of presynaptic neurons across brain areas (corr. versus uncorr.: M1/2, P = 0.0030; thalamus, P = 0.0030; all other areas, P > 0.05, two-sided randomization tests). Thin lines represent individual brains; thick lines are mean ± s.e.m. Inset, example epifluorescence images of coronal brain slices showing presynaptic neurons (RFP+) in M1/2 and thalamus. Scale bars, 500 µm. BF, basal forebrain; cwS1, contralateral wS1; PrhCtx, perirhinal cortex; S2, secondary somatosensory cortex; SenCtx, sensory cortical areas other than wS1 and S2, including auditory and visual cortices; thal, thalamus. b, Number of presynaptic networks exhibiting neurons in listed brain areas. Black, uncorr. group; magenta, corr. group. c,d, Fraction of presynaptic neurons in M1/2 (c) and thalamus (d). e,f, Motor cortical (e) and thalamic (f) input fraction as function of the average modulation of the postsynaptic neuron across spontaneous movements (Wonly + WL) (M1/2, P = 0.0024; thalamus, P = 0.0043; regression). g, Sensory feedback from whisker movements as hypothetical source of movement-dependent activity. h,i, Two-photon Ca2+ imaging before (left) and 1–2 days after (right) unilateral BTX injection in the mystacial pad. i, Top, example images of video-recorded whisker movements (mean of the absolute difference between consecutive frames over approximately 2 min) before and after BTX injection. Warmer colours reflect greater motion (n = 5 mice). Bottom, activity of example Movup neurons during spontaneous movements. Black, fluorescence trace; grey, deconvolved fluoresence trace; normalized to maximum. j, Correlation (r) between the activity of individual neurons and whisker movements before versus after BTX injection (n = 1,044, 6 FOVs, 5 mice, P < 0.0001, regression). k, Prediction of whisker movements from population activity. Out-of-sample R2 ratio for chronic (Fig. 1) versus BTX experiments (n = 6 FOVs, 5 mice; P = 0.70, two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test). In box plots, the central line and box represent the median and 25th–75th percentiles, and whiskers extend to the most extreme data points excluding outliers (larger than 1.5× the interquartile range).
