Fig. 5: Effect of optogenetic suppression of thalamic and motor cortical inputs on spontaneous movement-dependent activity.
From: Brain-wide presynaptic networks of functionally distinct cortical neurons
a, Simultaneous two-photon Ca2+ imaging and optogenetic suppression of thalamic and motor cortical axon terminals (ArchT+tdTom+) in wS1. b, Areas encompassing ArchT+tdTom+ cell bodies in mice expressing ArchT in thalamus, overlaid on corresponding mouse atlas images. Different colours represent individual mice (n = 7). Insets, example composite epifluorescence images of coronal brain sections denoting tdTom+ cell bodies circumscribed to the VPm and POm in one mouse. Scale bars, 0.5 mm. c–e, Effect of light pulses on the activity of movement-correlated neurons. Example neurons from a control mouse (ArchT−tdTom+; c), a mouse expressing ArchT in thalamus (d) and a mouse expressing ArchT in M1/2 (e). Top, responses to individual light pulses (shaded region; time-normalized). Bottom, average PETH of baseline-subtracted activity. f–h, Baseline-subtracted mean activity (light modulation) of movement-uncorrelated and movement-correlated neurons significantly affected by light pulses (mean ± s.e.m.; P values, uncorr. versus corr., two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test). f, Control (affected neurons, n = 30 of 184 uncorr. and n = 16 of 157 corr., 9 mice). g, ArchT expressed in thalamus (affected neurons, n = 146 of 645 uncorr. and n = 25 of 182 corr., 7 mice). h, ArchT expressed in M1/2 (affected neurons, n = 39 of 271 uncorr. and n = 13 of 170 corr., 3 mice). i, Prediction of whisker movements from population activity using a model trained on light-off data and evaluated on light-off (within) and light-on (across) data. R2, explained variance (control: n = 14 FOVs, 8 mice; thalamus: n = 21 FOVs, 7 mice: M1/2: n = 10 FOVs, 3 mice). j, Out-of-sample R2 ratio (ArchT expressed in thalamus versus control, P = 0.012; ArchT expressed in M1/2 versus control, P = 0.10; Kruskal–Wallis (P = 0.00053) followed by two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum tests with Bonferroni correction). In box plots, the central line and box represent the median and 25th–75th percentiles, and whiskers extend to the most extreme data points excluding outliers (larger than 1.5× the interquartile range).
