Fig. 4: Encoder ablation experiments quantifying the impact of each data modality.

The results of ablation experiments comparing the latitude-weighted RMSE (LW-RMSE) of the encoder trained with all data sources, both remote sensing40,41,42,43,44,45 and in situ sources46,47,48 (ALL) to other encoder configurations, including removing the scatterometer data (no ASCAT), removing the geostationary sounder data (no GEO), removing all in situ data (no in situ), removing all LEO sounder data (no sounder) or removing all satellite data (no satellite). We report the fraction of increase in LW-RMSE of each configuration relative to ALL.