Extended Data Fig. 2: Cold exposure increases metabolic rate and alters behavior.

a Time plot of oxygen consumption between mice during Baseline 1 (21 °C; yellow), Baseline 2 (21 °C; orange), Cold 1 (4 °C; dark blue), Cold 2 (4 °C; blue), and Cold 3 (4 °C; light blue; left), with comparisons of total time averaged in metabolic cages (right). b Time plot of energy expenditure between mice during Baseline 1 (21 °C; yellow), Baseline 2 (21 °C; orange), Cold 1 (4 °C; dark blue), Cold 2 (4 °C; blue), and Cold 3 (4 °C; light blue; left), with comparisons of total time averaged in metabolic cages (right). c Time plot of carbon dioxide production between mice during Baseline 1 (21 °C; yellow), Baseline 2 (21 °C; orange), Cold 1 (4 °C; dark blue), Cold 2 (4 °C; blue), and Cold 3 (4 °C; light blue; left), with comparisons of total time averaged in metabolic cages (right). d Time plot of movement between mice during Baseline 1 (21 °C; yellow), Baseline 2 (21 °C; orange), Cold 1 (4 °C; dark blue), Cold 2 (4 °C; blue), and Cold 3 (4 °C; light blue; left), with comparisons of total time averaged in metabolic cages (right). e Time plot of food consumption between mice during Baseline 1 (21 °C; yellow), Baseline 2 (21 °C; orange), Cold 1 (4 °C; dark blue), Cold 2 (4 °C; blue), and Cold 3 (4 °C; light blue; left), with comparisons of total time averaged in metabolic cages (right). a-e Data shown as mean ± SEM, n = 7-8 mice per group. a-e, Repeated measures ANOVA. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. BL1, baseline 1; BL2, baseline 2; CL1, cold 1; CL2, cold 2; CL3, cold 3; VO₂, oxygen consumption; VCO₂, carbon dioxide emission; h, hour; g, grams.