Extended Data Fig. 6: Autosomal and Y Diversity without the contribution of filtered North African ancestry, per site in Phoenician-Punic contexts and the published aDNA record.
From: Punic people were genetically diverse with almost no Levantine ancestors
(a) Y haplogroup diversity measured using the Inverse Simpson index. This value is computed as in Fig. 3a, excluding the three Punic individuals (from Kerkouane, Villaricos and Selinunte) with distinct North African Y haplogroups E1a and L (see Extended Data Fig. 5). (b) autosomal diversity measured using the first two PCs from Fig. 1 and the mean pairwise distance of those coordinates. This value is computed as in Fig. 3b, excluding individuals with more than 10% North African ancestry based on qpAdm in Phoenician-Punic sites (see Extended Data Fig. 4). Here, we combined individuals from the nearby Sicilian sites of Birgi, Motya, and Lilybaeum into one group (labelled Lilybaeum here). In both panels, the diversity measures for the context populations are as in Fig. 3 (without any additional filtering), and the dashed horizontal bar in both panels indicates the maximum diversity observed in sites dating before 500 BCE. See Supplementary Information S5 for a more detailed description of this analysis.
