Extended Data Fig. 9
From: Punic people were genetically diverse with almost no Levantine ancestors
Ancestry models inferred using qpAdm for individuals from Sicily from (a) the indigenous Iron Age sites of Polizzello and Monte Falcone, (b) from Phoenician sites before Roman expansion (as shown in Extended Data Fig. 3b), and (c) from Punic sites after Roman expansion. Colour horizontal bars indicate radiocarbon dates. The models of each individual are sorted according to their P-values (grey bar above each model). We report P-values assuming that the LRT statistic is chi-squared distributed with degrees of freedom determined by the number of populations and of contributing source populations. We did not correct these P-values for multiple testing, but this approach is conservative since we report models with comparatively high P-values (those that are not rejected by the test). Eastern ancestry models are indicated by a contribution of the proxy source Levant MLBA. In contrast, western ancestry models are indicated by contributions from either Greece BA (Myc), Sicily EBA, Sardinia LBA, Iberia LBA, or Steppe MLBA. There are seven individuals for which no valid eastern or western model was inferred. We inferred valid models under the broad ancestry scheme (marked by an asterisk above the vertical bar) for five of them. Two individuals were inferred to be related through IBD-sharing and are indicated in the figure. The analysis suggests that indigenous populations in Sicily have similar ancestry patterns as observed in the Phoenician sites but without North African ancestry. In later periods, we see the introduction of diverse ancestry sources (Levantine and western Mediterranean), likely associated with the Roman expansion into Sicily. See Supplementary Information S3 for more details.
