Fig. 3: Projection of habitat suitability through time for the changing-niche model.

Mean ensemble; see Methods. Yellow represents unsuitable areas and the purple colours represent increased suitability from lighter to darker shades. These are calculated as total, peripheral and core areas, encompassing 99%, 95% and 90% of archaeological occurrences, respectively. The maps for each MIS are produced by calculating the mean of the habitat suitability for each individual cell within the time slices of interest. Chronological subdivisions of MIS 4, MIS 3 and MIS 2 are described in the Methods. The climate used is that of Beyer et al.⁶² with added Heinrich events. See Extended Data Fig. 8b for equivalent results using PCESM^63,64.