Extended Data Fig. 4: Granger scores for simultaneously recorded region pairs.

a) Firing rates in two regions (CP and MOp) for an example session (eid = af55d16f-0e31-4073-bdb5-26da54914aa2); first 10 sec of recording. b) Directed spectral Granger prediction for an example region pair from this example session as a function of frequency. This is the average across consecutive 10 sec windows of the whole recording, irrespective of trial-structure. The mean Granger prediction across frequencies is the Granger score, used in all other panels. c) Binarised significant Granger score adjacency matrix, canonical region ordering (as in circular graph plot). Note the near-symmetry. d) Symmetry of Granger scores for all significant region pairs, log scale. Correlation scores in panel title. e) Granger scores for region pairs as averages across recordings, edge width proportional to Granger score, black if significant. Only region pairs with at least 2 recordings are shown. f) Graph of e) restricted to incoming/outgoing Granger scores for subsets of regions (Cosmos hierarchical level). g) Significant Granger scores for all region pairs, black dots are individual recordings, gray bars are mean across recordings, ordered by mean. Only region pairs with at least 3 recordings are shown. h) Granger scores in relation to two other connectivity metrics: axonal (axonal projection tracing, Fig. 3 in¹²⁴) and cartesian (inverse Euclidean distance between centroids of region pairs). Weak but significant correlations (Pearson, Spearman, on top of panels, together with number of directed region pairs for the plot) are found for cartesian/Granger (.25, .33), cartesian/axonal (.14, .35) and Granger/axonal (.12, .23). All results are further listed in this online table.