Extended Data Fig. 4: Particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) assessment of MUSAS hydrodynamics with varying angle of lamella orientations and row numbers, demonstrated in instantaneous velocity fields.
From: Mechanical underwater adhesive devices for soft substrates
a, Bottom-view fluid velocity maps reveal that fewer lamella rows result in minimal water expulsion, as seen in the 4 rows design. b,c, In terms of 8 rows design, unsubstantial angle variations incline to unidirectional water expulsion, making the performance of the 15 degree dominated design (c) nearly identical to that of the parallel-angled configuration (b). d,e, While lamella orientations dominated by 30 degree (d) and 45 degree (e) induce multidirectional water expulsion, the flow is often uneven and accompanied by large air bubble formation in specific regions. f, Notably, the tilt-dominant design with the substantial lamella angle variation exhibits superior efficiency in achieving homogeneous, multidirectional water expulsion (scale bar: 5 mm).
