Extended Data Fig. 5: Comparative anatomy of inner ear across major vertebrate lineages.
From: Novel assembly of a head–trunk interface in the sister group of jawed vertebrates
(a–f, v–x) A jawless stem gnathostome Norselaspis glacialis (MNHN-F-SVD3221). (g–m) An adult lamprey (cyclostome) Ichthyomyzon bdellium. (n–u, y) A bamboo shark (a crown gnathostome), Chiloscyllium plagiosum. (a, b) Left inner ear of Norselapis (MNHN-F-SVD3221) in lateral (a) and medial (b) views. (c–f) Inner ears of Norselapis (MNHN-F-SVD3221) in dorsal (c), ventral (d), anterior (e), and posterior (f) views. (g–i) Left inner ear of Ichthyomyzon in lateral (e), medial (f), and dorsal (g) views. (j, k) Left inner ear of Ichthyomyzon after virtual sagittal section to show medial (j) and lateral (k) halves in interna view. (l, m) Left inner ear of Ichthyomyzon after virtual horizontal section to show dorsal (l) and ventral (m) halves in internal view. (n–s) Left inner ear of a bamboo shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum in lateral (n), medial (o), dorsal (p), ventral (q), anterior (r), and posterior (s) views. (t, u) Left inner ear of a bamboo shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum in sagittal (t) and horizontal (u) sections to reveal the medial and ventral halves, respectively. (v, w) Inner ears of Norselapis (MNHN-F-SVD3221) in dorsal (v) and posterior (w) views. With the skeleton rendered semi-transparent, our visualization identified otoconia in this animal. (x, y) Left inner ears of Norselaspis (x) and Chiloscyllium (y), respectively, in lateral view for comparison of otoconial mass. (z) Otoconia (yellow arrowheads) shown in reconstructed tomographic slices (horizontal sections) for the posterior part of the braincase of Norselaspis from ventral (z1) to dorsal (z3).
