Extended Data Fig. 9: Lithium orotate suppresses GSK3β activity.
From: Lithium deficiency and the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
a-d, Treatment with LiO broadly reduces both total and activated GSK3β. 3xTg mice were treated from 9–18 months of age with LiO, LiC (4.3 µEq/L), or vehicle (water). a,c,d, Left panels show representative immunolabeling of total GSK3β (a), pTyr216-GSK3β (c), and nuclear β-catenin (d) in hippocampal CA1 neurons double-labeled for MAP2. Nuclei were labeled with DAPI (d). a,c,d, Right panels show quantification of total GSK3β, pTyr216-GSK3β and nuclear β-catenin in hippocampal CA1 neurons. b, Quantification of total GSK3β in corpus callosum oligodendrocytes (double-labeled for GSK3β and Aspartoacylase). a-d, Box plots show individual values, median (line), box limits (25th-75th percentiles), and whiskers (min-max). Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test; P-values are shown. water n = 6, LiO n = 8, LiC n = 8. Scale bars, 50 µm.
