Fig. 2: Global change in social shortfall and ecological overshoot between 2000–2001 and 2021–2022.

Social shortfall is measured with respect to the social foundation, for which zero indicates no shortfall. Ecological overshoot is measured with respect to planetary boundaries, for which zero indicates no overshoot and * indicates the pre-industrial Holocene baseline. Values are shown as 2-year averages at the start and end of the analysis period except for stratospheric ozone values, which are shown as 5-year averages owing to high annual variability. Light red bars show the reduction in shortfall or overshoot between the start and end periods. Dark red bars show the increase in shortfall or overshoot between the start and end periods. The grey bar shows missing data. Overshoot bars with a faded edge extend beyond the chart area. No change in shortfall or overshoot is shown for four indicators owing to a lack of time-series data (lack of public transport, blue-water disruption, extinction rate and air pollution). Owing to a lack of earlier data, three indicators start in 2005 (youth not in employment, education or training (NEET), lack of social support and perceptions of corruption), whereas data on food insecurity starts in 2015. See Tables 1 and 2 for more details on the social and ecological indicators, including their boundaries.