Fig. 3: Changes in the gene pool of Central Europe.
From: Ancient DNA connects large-scale migration with the spread of Slavs
a, Trajectories of changes in affinity to Eastern Europe in ancient and present-day individuals from the Northwestern Balkans (n = 301), Eastern Germany (n = 483) and Poland–Northwestern Ukraine (n = 489), as measured using F4 statistics of the form F4(Han Chinese, test; Italy, Poland) (for the Northwestern Balkans) and F4(Han Chinese in Beijing, China (CHB), test; Denmark, Poland) (for Eastern Germany and Poland–Northwestern Ukraine). Error bars indicate 2 × s.d. b, Supervised ADMIXTURE modelling for the study regions. Ancient and present-day samples (n = 1,344) decomposed into 12 ancestral ancestry components. For different time periods, individual results were averaged and plotted according to their mean date. Influx of specific ancestries mentioned in the text are indicated using arrows. Relevant Y chromosome haplogroups associated with these autosomal ancestries are highlighted. Made with Natural Earth. c, Average sum of IBD segments (sIBD (in cM)) shared between nine ancient MP and SP groups. For all pairs of populations, the sum of IBD segments longer than 12 cM shared between members was calculated and normalized to the total number of pairs. The sums are depicted as symmetrical matrix. Hierarchical cluster analysis applying Ward’s minimum variance method to the columns is added as a dendrogram.
