Extended Data Fig. 3: The EE signal starts to increase already after the presentation of the shapes.
From: Rate and noise in human amygdala drive increased exploration in aversive learning
Same as in Fig. 3b,e,f, but with neural activity aligned to the appearance of the shapes or tone. (a) Proportion of neurons with a significant effect for exploration and exploitation trials in the amygdala and temporal cortex (ANOVA model, accounting for EE, choice identity and the sign of the prediction error). The full and dashed red lines mark the median and mean reaction-times, respectively. Black dashed line depicts chance level. (b) The difference between explained variability (R2) in models with and without the EE predictor. (c) Effect size (explained variance) of FR by EE classification, after accounting for PE-sign and choice identity. (d) Mean and standard error (SE) of the normalized FR across all amygdala and temporal cortex neurons in exploration and exploitation trials (red and green, respectively). The times of significant difference are marked by black dots (two-tailed t-test over all single neurons, FDR corrected). (e) Same as in (a,d) but with neural activity aligned to the appearance of the tone that indicates the trial valence (loss/gain). The lack of signal serves as a control to the main finding that FR modulation concerns the choice, as it appears after the shapes (A-D) and further increases towards the choice action (main Fig. 3).
