Fig. 2: Cryo-EM structure of mTORC1–RHEB–RAG–Ragulator–4E-BP1 on the membrane.

a, Representative example chosen from 29,301 cryo-EM images showing protein-decorated liposomes. b, Representative 2D averages showing side and top views of the protein–membrane complex. c, A composite cryo-EM density map of mTORC1–RHEB–RAG–Ragulator–4E-BP1 on a membrane, assembled from two focused refinement maps (mTOR–RHEB–MLST8 and RAPTOR–RAG–Ragulator), overlaid with the unsharpened cryo-EM map (contour level, 0.033) from the overall refinement with C2 symmetry. The active sites of mTOR are labelled with arrows. The twofold axis is labelled as a black oval symbol in the top view. Different contour levels were used for optimal visualization using UCSF ChimeraX. d, Atomic model of mTORC1–RHEB–RAG–Ragulator–4E-BP1 is overlaid with the unsharpened cryo-EM map from the overall refinement with C2 symmetry. e, Close-up view of the density for inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) (contour level, 0.156) and the surrounding lysine–arginine cluster. f, Close-up view of the density for the 4E-BP1 TOR signalling (TOS) motif (contour level, 0.097). Scale bars (a,b), 20 nm.