Fig. 5: A model of mTORC1 recruitment and activation on the lysosomal membrane.

a, Average distances between protein and membrane are indicated with black arrows. Grey arrows indicate the most possible extended positions relative to the membrane surface. Linkers that anchor LAMTOR1 and RHEB to membranes are arbitrary. Numbers indicate each step in the process of mTORC1 activation on the lysosomal membrane. Double-headed arrows indicate movement between RAPTOR and mTOR upon binding with RHEB. Curves and stars on the membrane indicate RAPTOR and mTOR engagement with the membrane, respectively. b,c, Top, close-up view of the cryo-EM density (from 3DVA, contour levels of 0.049 and 0.042 for the intermediate state and the fully active state, respectively) of the membrane-interacting site of mTOR in the intermediate (b) and fully active (c) states. Bottom, cryo-EM density (from 3D classification, contour levels of 0.13 and 0.11 for the intermediate state and the fully active state, respectively) of the ATP-binding pocket of the intermediate (b) and active (c) states.