Extended Data Fig. 9: Extending the spatial resolution of a miniaturized two-photon microscope (MTPM) with sparse deconvolution.

(a) Three-dimensional distributions of neuronal dendrites and spines within a volume of 190 × 190 × 110 μm³ from the brain of a Thy1-GFP transgenic mouse were observed under the MTPM, and after RL (RL-MTPM) or the sparse deconvolution (Sparse-MTPM). Different focal planes away from the surface were color-coded and projected to one image (see Supplementary Video 18). (b-d) The xz views and their Fourier transforms (a) under different configurations (b, MTPM; c, RL-MTPM; d, Sparse-MTPM). (e) Magnified views from the region enclosed by the white box in (a) under different configurations (from left to right: MTPM, RL-MTPM, Sparse-MTPM). (f) Resolutions of designated configurations as calculated by the decorrelation method at different axial positions. Experiments were repeated five times independently with similar results. Scale bars: (a, d) 15 μm; (e) 3 μm.