Extended Data Fig. 4: rDL SIM resolves the ring structure of CCPs and visualizes multiple IFT trains’ unusual behaviors in ependymal motile cilia.

a, Representative SR images of CCPs reconstructed by conventional (Conv.) SIM, CARE-SIM and rDL SIM, whose raw images were acquired at 18-fold lower fluorescence than those of GT-SIM. It shows that rDL-SIM provides high-fidelity ring-like structure and prevents the reconstruction artifacts. (Supplementary Video 4). b-d, Kymographs (left) and time-lapse images (right) show that, (b) IFT trains stopped halfway or paused for a while before reaching the ciliary base; (c) IFT trains reversed their direction of motion in the midway of the microtubule (MT) tracks; (d) Two IFT trains moving along the same MT track collided with each other, which remodeled them into three independent IFT trains. As described in Fig. 3d, the IFT trains are resolved into three groups that transported along the microtubule tracks residing at the left (green), middle (magenta), and right (yellow) sides of the ciliary axoneme. Scale bar, 5 μm (a) and 0.5 μm (zoom-in regions of a, b-d).