Fig. 5: M cells are induced after microbial exposure in transplanted HIOs.
From: In vivo development of immune tissue in human intestinal organoids transplanted into humanized mice
a–c, 16-week HIO sections at 72 h post injection with saline (n = 3) (left) or E. coli lysate (n = 4) (right) stained with anti-human CD45 (a), anti-human GP2 (b) and anti-MUM1 (c). Arrows indicate M cells positive for human GP2. Scale bars represent 100 µm, except b (bottom) human GP2 scale bars represent 50 µm. Representative of two independent experiments. d, Graph represents level of human GP2 gene expression evaluated by qPCR in 16-week HIO at 72 h post injection with saline (n = 3) or E. coli lysate (n = 6). Human GP2 gene expression is normalized to human GAPDH gene. Mean ± s.d. Mann–Whitney test (two-sided); P = 0.1667. NS, not significant. e, Level of human IgA measured by ELISA in mucus from 16-week HIO 72 h after being injected with saline (n = 2) or E. coli lysate (n = 4). Mean ± s.d. Mann–Whitney tests (two-sided); P = 0.533. NS, not significant. f, Immunofluorescence staining with anti-human CDH1 (white), anti-human GP2 (red) and anti-human CD20 (blue) in 16-week HIOs injected with E. coli lysate (n = 4) for 72 h. Scale bar, 50 µm. Representative of two independent experiments.
